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A stock market exchange is, by definition, a marketplace where stocks can be bought and sold for certain hours throughout the day.
It functions as an entity that ensures orderly trading and efficient dissemination of price quotes for the companies that list on the exchange.
Trading is generally conducted from Monday through Friday. The Saudi Stock Exchange is an exception to the rule, as it is open from Sunday to Thursday.
What Time Does the Stock Market Open?
Regular trading hours for the U.S. stock market, including the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the Nasdaq Stock Market (NASDAQ), are 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Eastern time on weekdays (except stock market holidays). On early-closure days, typically right before or right after a market holiday, regular stock trading ends at 1 p.m. ET.
What Time Does the Stock Market Open and Close
The stock markets that most Americans use – the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the NASDAQ – are both open Monday to Friday from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Eastern Standard Times.
Other stock exchanges in different parts of the world – the London Stock Exchange in the U.K or the Tokyo Stock Exchange in Japan, for instance – operate based on local time zones and local customs.
Below, you’ll find details on the hours of operations for stock exchanges all around the world. If you want help buying and selling stocks and building your portfolio, consider working with a financial advisor.
Here are the stock market opening times of major stock exchanges in other countries:
1. Tokyo Stock Exchange Opening Times
The Tokyo Stock Exchange in Japan opens from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. local time.
They also take a lunch, where trading is suspended, from 11:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. local time.
2. London Stock Exchange Opening Times
The London Stock Exchange in the United Kingdom opens from 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. local time.
3. Hong Kong Stock Exchange Opening Times
The Hong Kong Stock Exchange in Hong Kong opens from 9:15 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. local time.
They also take a lunch, where trading is suspended, from noon to 1:00 p.m. local time.
4. Shanghai Stock Exchange Opening Times
The Shanghai Stock Exchange in China opens from 9:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. local time.
They also take a lunch break, where trading is suspended, from 11:30 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. local time.
5. Toronto Stock Exchange Opening Times
The Toronto Stock Exchange in Canada opens from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. local time.
6. Deutsche Börse (German Stock Exchange) Opening Times
The Deutsche Börse in Germany opens from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. local time.
7. Australian Stock Exchange (Securities Exchange) Opening Times
The Australian Securities Exchange in Australia opens from 9:50 a.m. to 4:12 p.m. local time.
8. Bombay Stock Exchange Opening Times
The Bombay Stock Exchange in India opens from 9:15 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. local time.
Remember, holidays impacting world stock exchanges are much different than in the United States. And, even when the U.S. stock exchanges are closed, most world exchanges are still trading.
9. Europe Stock Exchange Opening Times
Euronext, headquartered in Amsterdam, is open from 8 a.m. to 5:40 p.m. Central European Time (CET).
It is closed for six holidays per year, including New Year’s Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Labor Day, Christmas, and Boxing Day. The Euronext exchange also has modified hours on Christmas Eve and New Year’s Eve.
The SIX Swiss Exchange, headquartered in Zurich, is open from 8:30 a.m. to 5:20 p.m. CET. It’s not open on 12 holidays a year, including;
New Year’s Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Ascension Day, Whit Monday, Christmas Eve, Christmas, Boxing Day and New Year’s Eve.
10. Stock Exchange Opening Times Asia
While the NYSE, NASDAQ, and TMX Group exchanges do not close for lunch, many markets in Asia do.
These include the Tokyo Stock Exchange in Tokyo, which is open from 9 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. to 3 p.m. Japan Standard Time (JST).
The Tokyo Stock Exchange is closed for 22 holidays per year, including;
New Year’s Day, market holidays on January 2 and 3, Coming of Age Day, National Foundation Day, Emperor’s Birthday, Vernal Equinox, Showa Day, Constitution Memorial Day;
Greenery Day, Children’s Day, Marine Day, Mountain Day, Respect for the Aged Day, Autumnal Equinox, Sports Day, Labor Thanksgiving Day, and a market holiday on December 31.
11. Stock Exchange Opening Times Africa
The largest stock exchange in Africa is in Johannesburg, South Africa. Egypt, Nigeria, and Mauritius have smaller exchanges.
The Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) has acquired the South Africa Futures Exchange and the Bond Exchange of South Africa so all of those assets are traded on the JSE.
The Johannesburg exchange is open from 9a.m-to-5p.m South African Standard Time (SAST), with no lunch break. The exchange, therefore, opens 6.5 hours before the NYSE.
12. Stock Exchange Opening Times Australia/Oceania
The Sydney-based Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) is roughly the same size as the South African exchange.
The ASE merged with the Sydney Futures Exchange in 2006. Bonds and derivatives also are traded on the ASE.7
The market opens later than most, at 10 a.m. local time, and there is no lunch break.
What Time Does the Market Open In New York?
The NYSE and the NASDAQ are the two main American exchanges, both of which are headquartered in New York City. They are each open Monday through Friday from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. EST.
Both markets close for nine federal holidays per year, including New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, and Christmas.
‣ Standard Trading: Monday through Friday 9:30 a.m. through 4:oo p.m. ET
‣ After-Hours Trading: Monday through Friday 4:00 p.m. through 6:30 p.m. ET
‣ Pre-Market Trading: Monday through Friday 8:00 a.m. through 9:30 a.m. ET
NASDAQ Today
‣ Standard Trading: Monday through Friday 9:30 a.m. through 4:oo p.m. ET
‣ After-Hours Trading: Monday through Friday 4:00 p.m. through 6:30 p.m. ET
‣ Pre-Market Trading: Monday through Friday 8:00 a.m. through 9:30 a.m. ET
Stock Exchange Holidays
On the following holidays (if they fall during a regular trading session), the U.S. stock exchanges are closed:
‣ New Year’s Day
‣ Martin Luther King Jr. Day
‣ President’s Day
‣ Good Friday
‣ Memorial Day
‣ Independence Day
‣ Labor Day
‣ Thanksgiving Day
‣ Christmas Day
U.S. Stock Exchange Shortened Trading Days
On the following days, the U.S. stock exchanges have shortened trading days and close early:
‣ Day prior to the 4th of July: 9:30 a.m. through 1:00 p.m. ET
‣ Black Friday (the day after Thanksgiving): 9:30 a.m. through 1:00 p.m. ET
‣ Christmas Eve: 9:30 a.m. through 1:00 p.m. ET
Stock Exchange Circuit Breakers and Trading Stops
When the stock market experiences huge declines, it will suspend trading in what’s known as a “circuit breaker”. The goal of this is simply to slow things down.
Basically, the stock market moves fast; very fast. And as such, in cases of huge events or news, it can move faster than human decision-makers can think.
That’s where trading halts, trading stops, and circuit breakers come in. They happen at the following levels, for the following amounts of time:
‣ Level 1: A drop of 7% from the prior day’s closing price of the S&P 500 triggers a 15-minute trading halt. Trading is not halted if the drop occurs at or after 3:25 p.m. ET.
‣ Level 2: A drop of 13% triggers a 15-minute halt. Trading is not halted if the drop occurs at or after 3:25 p.m. ET.
‣ Level 3: A drop of 20% triggers a halt for the rest of the trading day, and trading resumes the following day.
How Extended-Hours Trading Works
Investors can trade stocks during the hours before and after the stock market closes. Known as after-hours trading, this allows you to buy or sell stocks after the market closes.
On the other hand, pre-market trading happens in the hours before the market opens Together, after-hours and pre-market trading make up extended-hours trading.
While investors can trade stocks during weekday mornings and evenings, trading on weekends is not possible. The only exception is if it’s on an international exchange that’s already open in that time zone.
For example, the NYSE offers after-hours trading from 7 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. and from 4 p.m. to 8 p.m. The NASDAQ offers pre-market trading from 4 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. and after-hours trading from 4 p.m. to 8 p.m.
The Pros and Cons of extended-hours Trading
For starters, you can trade at any time with after-hours trading. In other words, you can trade when it’s most convenient for you or in response to timely news events.
Many public companies release their quarterly earnings after 4 p.m. EST when the NYSE has closed. Therefore, investors can immediately place a trade after companies release their earning.
Under normal circumstances, investors would have to wait until the market opens again. The U.S. employment report releases at 8:30 a.m. EST on the first Friday of every month.
Rather than waiting until 9:30 a.m., an investor could adjust their position immediately after the report comes out.
Stock Market and Bank Holidays
Below are some of the stock market and bank holidays.
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Stock Exchange Holidays
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and The Standard will observe the holidays listed below. Trades in participant accounts will not be processed on any of the days specified.
| Holidays Observed | 2022 | 2023 |
| New Year’s Day | — | Monday, Jan. 2 |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. Day | Monday, Jan. 17 | Monday, Jan. 16 |
| Washington’s Birthday/Presidents’ Day | Monday, Feb. 21 | Monday, Feb. 20 |
| Good Friday | Friday, April 15 | Friday, April 7 |
| Memorial Day | Monday, May 30 | Monday, May 29 |
| Juneteenth | Monday, June 20 | Monday, June 19 |
| Independence Day | Monday, July 4 | Tuesday, July 4* |
| Labor Day | Monday, Sept. 5 | Monday, Sept. 4 |
| Thanksgiving Day1 | Thursday, Nov. 24 | Thursday, Nov. 23 |
| Christmas | Monday, Dec. 26 | Monday, Dec. 25 |
The NYSE is open from Monday through Friday from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. The NYSE may occasionally close early, either on a planned or unplanned basis.
In such cases, The Standard will process transaction requests received prior to the close of the NYSE.
Bank Holidays
Banks and some fund companies observe the holidays listed below. Although the stock markets and The Standard are open, some trades may not be executed on the days specified.
| Holidays Observed | 2022 | 2023 |
| Indigenous Peoples’ Day | Monday, Oct. 10 | Monday, Oct. 9 |
| Veterans Day | Friday, Nov. 11 | Friday, Nov. 10 |
Difference between a Stock Exchange and the Stock Market
A stock exchange is a marketplace or infrastructure that facilitates equity trading. The exchange is founded and managed by a corporation, private or public.
It allows companies to list their stocks in its marketplace.
The term stock market refers more generally to all stocks, or to a group of stocks in a particular region, industry, or sector.
Major Stock Exchanges Closed During Lunch
The major stock exchanges with an official lunch close are the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE), Tokyo Stock Exchange (TYO), Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE), and the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK).
The London Stock Exchange (LSE) and the Frankfurt Stock Exchange have a two-minute break at noon. Their traders don’t eat that fast.
The mini-break is designed to protect institutional traders from high-frequency traders, whose split-second transactions can skew prices.
What Times Are the NYSE and NASDAQ Open?
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and NASDAQ are usually open at the same hours, 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
Both publish annual calendars of their holidays and half-days. In 2022, the NYSE has nine full holidays and four early-closing days. The NASDAQ has the same holidays but seems to have fewer half-days.
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